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BBC: We are facing a global myopia epidemic

BBC: We are facing a global myopia epidemic

In addition to the energy crisis, we are also facing a global crisis, that of myopia. Experts sound the alarm, attributing the phenomenon to changes in the habits of the younger generation and other factors.

In the late 1980s and 1990s, parents in Singapore began to notice an alarming change in their children as myopia increasingly developed. No one has been able to stop this crisis of national vision. Myopia rates continued to rise. Today, Singapore has a myopia rate of around 80% among young people, earning it the title of "the myopia metropolis of the world".

"We've been dealing with this issue for 20 years, so we're almost immune to it," says Audrey Chia, associate professor and senior consultant at the Singapore National Eye Center (SNEC). "Almost everyone in Singapore is myopic now," he adds.

This trend, registered in recent years in Singapore, is already gaining ground all over the world. Countries with seemingly completely different lifestyles now have something in common: ophthalmologists record particularly high rates of myopia among young people. In the USA as in Britain, the corresponding percentage has reached over 40%.

The dramatic decline in the amount of time children spend outside and in sunlight is said to be one of the main factors behind the "myopic epidemic" that eye doctors everywhere are seeing.

Predisposition to myopia does not depend much on genetic factors, but mainly on environmental factors. Children with one or both myopic parents are more likely to develop myopia. But despite the fact that genes take many generations to change, the percentage of children with the condition has increased by 42% since 1970 in the US.

The World Health Organization estimates, for its part, that more than 50% of the Earth's population will need glasses for myopia by 2050. The lack of outdoor play with children's exposure to sunlight is one of the main factors of the phenomenon. The new emphasis on homework, the lure of electronic devices and parental concerns about the safety of public spaces are pushing more and more children into voluntary isolation.

Një studim mjekësor i vitit 2020 në Kanada arriti në përfundimin se fëmijët tetëvjeçarë shpenzonin më shumë se pesë orë në ditë para ekraneve për argëtim, pa llogaritur orët e kompjuterit për detyrat e shkollës. Shkalla e miopisë u rrit ndjeshëm midis moshës gjashtë dhe tetë vjeç, me fëmijët që performuan shumë më keq në testet e syve sesa në vitin 2015. Në të njëjtën kohë, këta fëmijë nuk treguan rënie në aftësitë njohëse.

Edhe pse shumë kanë argumentuar tradicionalisht se leximi i tepërt rrit gjasat e zhvillimit të miopisë, studimet e fundit tregojnë se mungesa e dritës së diellit dhe qëndrimi para ekranit të kompjuterit ose telefonit janë faktorë shumë më rëndues. Tani po flasim për një fenomen global. Miopia e adoleshentëve ka marrë përmasa epidemike në Azinë Lindore dhe Juglindore, ku 80% deri në 90% e nxënësve të shkollave të mesme janë miopë. Ekspertët kanë frikë se kjo prirje mund të çojë në një rritje të gjasave për sëmundje të syrit si katarakta, glaukoma dhe degjenerimi makular në të ardhmen./BBC

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