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Ekonomia

Self-employed pensioners are exempt from social security obligations, from April 1 only health insurance payments are calculated, the Ministry of Finance presents the draft Parliament

Self-employed pensioners are exempt from social security obligations, from April

The effects of the exemption from social security contribution payments on single self-employed pensioners in the private sector are calculated from April 1, 2023, according to economists. With the entry into force of the legal changes, the exclusion of this category only from social insurance, the payments for health insurance for the 3-month period (April-May-June) are in the amount of about 8,200 lek from about 33,000 lek that was previously paid for the period 3 months. The General Directorate of Taxes explained to Monitor that "For the self-employed only as a pensioner choosing the self-employed category that benefits from the old-age pension, they do not pay social security contributions. While for health insurance, they pay more than twice the minimum wage, i.e. 2,720 ALL". Self-employed pensioners in the private sector used to pay compulsory social security contributions. For the beneficiaries of the old-age pension, the time of employment was not recognized as an insurance period. The draft law "On some additions and changes to law no. 7703, dated 11.5.1993, "On social security in the Republic of Albania", amended and approved on July 20, 2023 in the plenary session, includes as a relief measure that pensioners, who are self-employed in the private sector, do not pay the contributions of compulsory social insurance. Social and health insurance contributions are paid quarterly, by the 20th of the first month following the end of each calendar quarter. So, no later than the dates: April 20, July 20, October 20, January 20.

Here's who benefits

1,484 self-employed pensioners in the private sector benefit from the relief measure according to the data in the draft law. The monthly value of the contribution they pay is about 14.2 million ALL, while the annual value is 169.8 million ALL. This value will be reduced from the income of the social security fund. The approval of the legal changes does not include the exemption from the payment of contributions for pensioners employed in the private sector. Regarding the reason for not excluding this category in the relation, it is argued that for employed persons, the contributions are paid between the employer and the employee. "If employees in the private sector were excluded from the payment of contributions, the labor market would be deformed, the social insurance scheme would be damaged and there would be problems in fiscal administration. Employers would be inclined to hire only retirees. Exemption from the payment of contributions of single self-employed pensioners in the private sector does not create negative consequences, except that it reduces the income in the social security branch of maternity and pensions, for which this category pays contributions. The payment of contributions in these two branches does not provide this category of pensioners with an increased protection".

Ministria jep sqarime

Ndërkohë ministri i Financave dhe Ekonomisë, Ervin Mete, prezantoi dje në seancë plenare në Kuvendin e Republikës së Shqipërisë projektligjin “Për fondet e pensionit privat”. Ministri vuri në dukje se, përmirësimet në ligj adresojnë një sërë problematikash dhe mangësi të ligjit ekzistues, të miratuar në vitin 2009 dhe të pandryshuar apo përmirësuar gjatë gjithë këtyre viteve. Projektligji parashikon dy forma të fondeve të pensionit: “Fond pensioni me pjesëmarrje të hapur” dhe “Fond pensioni me pjesëmarrje të mbyllur”, siç parashikohet edhe në direktivën IORP II të Bashkimit Europian. “Fondi me pjesëmarrje të hapur krijohet nga shoqëria administruese dhe nuk parashikon kufizime në anëtarësim. Anëtarë të këtij fondi mund të jetë çdo individ, i cili zgjedh të kontribuojë në fondin e krijuar nga shoqëria administruese, përfshirë punëmarrësit dhe punëdhënësit. Fondi me pjesëmarrje të mbyllur mund të krijohet nga një punëdhënës, disa punëdhënës, ose një entitet i organizuar si bashkim punëdhënësish, sindikatë, bashkime sindikatash apo shoqatë, në cilësinë e sponsorit të cilët krijojnë një fond pensioni me pjesëmarrje të mbyllur. Pjesëmarrja në këtë fond është e kufizuar vetëm për të punësuarit apo anëtarët e subjekteve të mësipërme”, deklaroi ministri, teksa theksoi se, “krijimi i fondit me pjesëmarrje të mbyllur merr rëndësi të veçantë pasi në këtë mënyrë shoqëritë shqiptare nxiten që përmes mundësisë për negocim me shoqëritë administruese të krijojnë fonde pensioni për punonjësit e tyre, duke sjellë rritjen e pjesëmarrjes në këto skema. Gjithashtu vijoi Mete, një risi tjetër e ligjit është rritja e transparencës dhe informacionit ndaj anëtarëve të fondit. Po ashtu, sipas tij, risi tjetër janë rregullat mbi qeverisjen e shoqërive administruese, ndërsa parashikohen politika lehtësuese fiskale. “Projektligji parashikon gjithashtu lehtësi fiskale edhe për pagesat e marra nga anëtari i fondit të pensionit. Sot sipas ligjit në fuqi, pagesat e marra nga anëtari i fondit tatohen me normën e të ardhurave personale 15%, njëlloj si çdo e ardhur tjetër, ndërsa ajo që propozohet dhe parashikohet në projektligj është që pagesat e marra nga anëtari i fondit në mënyrë periodike mujore, në formë pensioni, të zgjatura në kohë, jo më pak se 2 vjet, pra që të zgjatet dhe koha e marrjes së pensionit, tatohen vetëm për kthimin nga investimi me normën në fuqi të tatimit mbi të ardhurat personale”, nënvizoi Mete. Gjithashtu projektligji ofron alternativa për krijimin e një portofoli investimi më të diversifikuar, për të bërë të mundur rritjen e kthimit nga investimi. Totali i aseteve neto të fondeve të pensionit privat arriti në rreth 6,2 miliardë lekë, ndërsa numri i anëtarëve rezultoi rreth 37,600, me një rritje prej afro 3% krahasuar me fundin e vitit 2022.

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