Introduction to Medical Bioethics

Medical Bioethics is a teaching discipline that takes place in public or private higher medical schools in our country. Respecting its requirements, rules and principles plays an important role in the best practice of medicine. This is due to the fact that all medical professions have as their main axis the relationship with the patient. As a rule, whenever two people have a relationship with each other, there will also be ethics, which as is known has to do with the rules of behavior between them. So, Bioethics, including Medical Ethics, requires that all medical workers be first and foremost polite and diligent in the exercise of their profession. Our experience has shown that one of the main causes of criminal prosecutions for medical malpractice has been non-compliance by medical workers with the rules of Bioethics and Medical Ethics in their relations with patients and their relatives. For this reason, it is necessary to know and implement all its different aspects. In this case, it should be mentioned that for a student who completes a higher medical school, at the end of it, the knowledge he receives appears in two main directions: the first, scientific and professional preparation for all medical specialties and the second, the sense of responsibility, for which obviously, the acquisition of knowledge of the discipline of Medical Bioethics has a major role. Indeed, Medical bioethics is considered a relatively new science that deals with the examination of current ethical problems related to the advances of biomedical sciences, which constitutes a new development of Medical Ethics and Deontology. So at its core lies Medical Ethics and Deontology that study the rules of conduct, the moral principles of all health workers: doctors, medical assistants, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, etc., which appear in the relationships of each of them with the sick , relationships between them, etc. It also analyzes their duties and rights during the practice of the profession in various medical specialties, cases where violations of moral rules and medical laws occur. As is known, all medical activities performed by doctors and other health workers, constitute in the first place an obligation to treat and heal sick persons, thereby delaying the arrival of their death as much as possible. In order to carry out this mission as well as possible, all these employees have the task of updating themselves with the scientific news of their specialties, participating in qualifying activities for their professional development. On the other hand, the implementation of these professions relies on the respect of the relevant state laws and ethical and moral rules by those who have undertaken the fulfillment of these missions. The plan of this textbook will be as follows. At the beginning, the concepts of some disciplines related to Medical Bioethics will be given, knowledge of which will be necessary for a deeper and more complete understanding of Bioethics itself; then some general data on Bioethics will be analyzed: definitions, content, etc. Next, knowledge on Human Rights and those of the patient will be reflected, followed by the principles of Bioethics, focusing on medical confidentiality and consent, some ethical and bioethical aspects of HIV/AIDS and covid-19, the various problems of death and the end of life, including the concept of immortality, anatomical dissections and autopsies of human corpses. It will further examine human experimentation, human organ transplants, ecoethics and environmental ethics, animal rights, neuropsychiatric diseases and human brain surgery, issues related to advances in the fields of genetics and molecular biology: genetic engineering, gene therapy, prenatal diagnosis, predictive medicine, etc., issues of reproduction: birth control, abortion, sterilization, assisted reproduction, eugenics and eugenics, cloning. In separate points, the problems of torture, terrorism, genocide that belong to the bioethical problem of respecting human rights, the problem of medical violations, which in fact constitutes a close meeting point of the disciplines of Bioethics, Medical Ethics with Forensic Medicine. At the end, a number of situations will be presented in the form of exercises, related to the various issues of Bioethics, the solution of which will help to better understand and acquire this medical discipline. In the additional part, knowledge will be given on the legislation in our country and the international one in the various fields of Medical Bioethics, some ethical issues of the professions of doctor, dentist, pharmacist, nurse, medical laboratory technician, etc. In fact, the presentation of these problems in this way is done only for didactic purposes, so that students, specialists of various medical fields and the public in general have an easier time getting to know them better, which in reality are presented much more complex and closely intertwined with each other.