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Nazmi Rushiti died from fascist torture

Written by Prof. Asoc. Dr. Bernard Zotaj 22 Shtator 2023

Në mjedisin ku mësoi. Nazmi Rushiti ka lindur në vitin 1919 në fshatin Koxhaxhik të Dibrës, fshat ku ndodhet kalaja e Sfetigradit. Si mbaroi shkollën fillore të Kastratit, megjithëse doli shkëlqyeshëm, nuk i vazhdoi menjëherë mësimet, sepse familje e tij ishte e varfër. Nazmiu për t’i ardhur në ndihmë familjes, u fut si shegert në Dibër dhe më pas punoi si kamerier në qytetin e Peshkopisë. Në vitin 1930 mori një bursë, për të vazhduar shkollën në internatin e Kastriotit. Në 1933, mbaroi shkollën e Kastriotit dhe u dërgua në Shkollën Teknike të Tiranës, ndërsa vitin shkollor 1934-1935 e kreu në gjimnazin e Shkodrës. Ambienti i ri shoqëror i gjimnazit, leximi i librave “të ndaluara”, të cilat ia jepte fshehurazi në fashikuj shoku i tij Qemal Stafa, hapen tek Nazmi Rushit mendime të reja, ideale të reja për të cilat ai punoi dhe luftoi deri në fund të jetës. Në vitin 1936, u bë anëtar i grupit komunist të Shkodrës me Qemal Stafa që ishte bashkëthemelues i Grupit Komunist të Shkodrës. Nazmiu ishte një nga veprimtarët më aktiv të grupit komunist të Shkodrës. Grupi i Shkodrës ishte një organizim parapartiak komunist që u formua dhe veproi nga koha e mes luftërave botërore dhe deri në themelimin e Partisë Komuniste në Shqipëri. Nazmi Rushiti u bë shok me Emin Duraku që ishte një nga anëtarët më aktivist të grupit komunist të Shkodrës, së bashku Tom Kolën e Sadik Bekteshin, i cili në Luftën Antifashiste Nacionalçlirimtare u bë komisar i batalionit “Perlat Rexhepi” dhe më pas komandant i Br. XXVII S, e cila veproi dhe luftoi edhe në Kosovë.
Në gjyq mbajti qëndrimi burrnor
In Tirana, Nazmi Rushiti was discovered by the gendarmerie as a student with "red ideas" and transferred to the high school in Shkodra. But he also found a movement in the city of Shkodra and in the gymnasium, where he became a good agitator propagating communist ideas and worked tirelessly to unmask the regime of King Zogut. For anti-Zogist activity, in January 1939, he was arrested together with Qemal Stafa and sentenced to 4 years in prison. With the fascist invasion in April 1939, he was released from prison and participated in the demonstrations and protests of students and the people of Tirana, who were looking for weapons, to fight the fascist invasion of Albania in April 1939. While on December 6, 1939, he was expelled from school with the motivation as "disturbing element, organizer of anti-fascist demonstrations and dangerous communist". When he was expelled from school, Nazmi Rushiti addressed the school principal with the words: "You, Mr. Principal, can expel me from the dormitory and school and through your masters, the Italian fascists, you can even imprison me. But my thoughts and words, neither you nor your masters are able to restrain me, nor to stop me until my chest has not stopped breathing".
In the prisons of fascism
The occupation of the country by Italian fascism shook Nazmi Rushiti spiritually, but also made him more determined to continue the war he had started. For his anti-fascist activity, he was expelled from the Shkodra high school in December 1939, along with his comrades-in-arms Tom Kola, Emin Durak, etc., being described as a "disturbing element, organizer of demonstrations and a dangerous communist". The Italian quaestor arrested Nazmi and for this extensive activity, in January 1939, he was arrested, brought to trial and sentenced together with Qemal Stafe, first to exile in Mbreshtan in Berat, then in the prison of Gjirokastra, which was located next to the fortress of Gjirokastra, and from there they send him to exile in the Ventotene camp (an island in Italy) with the motivation: "fanatical preacher of extreme doctrines, disturbing element with communist views".
The start of the war by guerrilla units
Nazmi Rushiti in September 1941, returned from exile in Albania where he continued his revolutionary life. He became a member of the Albanian Communist Party on November 8, 1941. Nazmi was sent to the district of Dibra where he worked and made a great contribution to the creation of youth organizations in Peshkopi, Maqellare, Zerqan, Gollobordë, Reç, Slovo, in the city of Dibre, etc. He was the organizer and took part in the June 1942 action at the Skanderbeg stones in Bulqiza, in the action with the carabinieri on Mount Kirçin, he organized the cutting of telephone lines several times throughout Dibra. Nazmi Rushiti together with members of the guerrilla unit of Peshkopia Dali and Esat Ndreu, Demir Gashi, Xhavit Hatib, Veli Deva, Ejup Hatib, Beshir Laçin, Ilmi Çaushollin and others organized on September 16, 1942 the action in the Bulqiza mine. They occupied the residence of the Italian workers, gathered them and explained the goals of the LANÇ, the final and inevitable defeat that was threatened to the fascists by the actions of the guerrilla units. In the end, he called on them to leave the mine and return to their families in Italy. They sang revolutionary anti-fascist songs in Italian with the workers and in reality the Italian workers abandoned the mine and returned to Italy. Thus, the work for the exploitation of the chrome mine in Bulqiza ceased to operate. The weapons given to you by the Italian workers were handed over to the guerrilla unit. For this action, the command of the carabinieri notified the prime minister, with letter no. 145615 dated 17.09.1942. Also, Nazmi Rushiti was in charge of the action in Bulqiza, of cutting the telephone lines, in the Qafë-Murrë action, in the murder of the criminal and executioner Stavro Jaho, etc. These were some of the activities of the guerrilla unit of Dibra organized and directed successfully by Nazmi Rushiti.
Aksioni i fundit i heroit
Së bashku me anëtarin e njësitit gueril Demir Gashin dhe me luftëtarë të rezistencës në zonën e Zerqanit, Nazmiu kreu aksionin kundër Stavri Jahos, komandant i Karabinierisë italiane të nënprefekturës së Zerqanit. Ky kishte bërë krime në Pezë, kishte torturuar anëtarë të njësiteve guerile të kapur nga fashistët dhe të dënuar në burgje, ai ishte i dënuar me vdekje nga qendra e rezistencës në Tiranë. Pas aksionin, Nazmiu i penguar nga një oficer armik, ndërroi drejtimin e tërheqjes dhe, pasi kaloi disa mure, nga hedhja pësoi tronditje dhe mbeti pa ndjenja, sepse ai vuante dhe nga zemra. Në aksionin e Zerqanit, duke humbur drejtimin, bie nga një lartësi dhe thyen këmbët. Roje të financës italiane e panë dhe e kapën para se të përmendej. E futën në burg, e torturuan në mënyrën nga më çnjerëzore, edhe pse ishte me të dy këmbët të thyera. U rezistoi torturave në karabinierinë e qarkut Peshkopi, duke mos folur asgjë për shokët e rezistencës. Në burgun e Peshkopisë fashistët italianë i vazhduan gjatë torturat, duke e rrahur me litarë e duke ia shpuar me shtiza të nxehta trupin. Në gjendjen tepër kritike për jetën ai ju përgjigjej fashistëve italianë se “ne luftën do ta fitojmë, do ta fitojmë që kur kemi kapë armët dhe që kur kemi mësue se nga me i drejtue plumbat”. Në mezin e natës së 27 shtatorit 1942, kur filli i jetës së tij po këputej, fashistët shkuan për t’i bërë “kurën” tjetër të torturave dhe në vend të përgjigjes së dëshiruar, dëgjuan: “Rroftë Lufta Antifashiste Nacionalçlirimtare”! Në këto rrethana, i pushoi zemra përgjithmonë heroit.
Nazmi Rushiti became a symbol
Thus Nazmi Rushiti became the first martyr of LANÇ for Dibra. For his heroic work, after his death, the People's Assembly of RPSH declared him "Hero of the People". The people have woven many songs and elegies for him, among others, they have sung: "Nazmi Rushiti, a boy with a bow, / makes a black shirt red". Busts were erected for Nazmi Rushiti, a monograph was written by Lutfi Hanku, while the Vocational School in Peshkopi bears his name. Yes, in the city of Peshkopia there is a neighborhood and a street named after him. While a road in Tirana in the administrative unit no. 2 bears the name "Nazmi Rushiti" Street.
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